Turtle Diary

These are notes for Turtle Diary (1975), Russell Hoban's third non-children's novel. It's a bittersweet philosophical semi-comic non-romance about two desperately lonely middle-aged Londoners who connect over a mutual obsession with stealing sea turtles from the zoo and returning them to the ocean.

The novel was adapted into a 1985 film written by Harold Pinter and directed by John Irvin. Hoban disliked the movie (which omitted basically everything that was conveyed in the book's interior monologues), calling it "feeble and flabby"; a radio adaptation in 2003 was more positively received by the author.

The novel has 53 chapters, with William narrating the odd-numbered chapters and Neaera the even-numbered ones. The notes below refer to the 2013 edition from New York Review Books.

Major characters

• William G., a bookstore clerk, several years after a divorce.
• Neaera H., a successful writer and illustrator of children's books.
• George Fairbairn, aquarium keeper at the London Zoo.
• Harriet, one of William's co-workers.
• Mr. Sandor and Miss Neap, William's bedsit neighbors.

Chapter 1

One wanted to see SPURS, ARSENAL

British football teams with extremely partisan fan followings, sometimes violently so.

Chapter 2

Great Water-Beetle, Dysticus marginalis

Also known as the great diving beetle. (A Smithsonian video with footage of it swimming)

Laura Ashley dresses

A Welsh fashion designer whose floral-print women's wear would have connoted (in the mid-1970s at least) a stylish kind of outdoorsy nostalgia.

Chapter 3

had a stall on the Portobello Road

A popular outdoor antiques market.

Chapter 4

John Gould ... eagle owl

This lithograph appeared in Gould's book The Birds of Great Britain (1873) and can be seen in the Louisiana Digital Library's collection of prints from that volume. Gould's bird illustrations are widely available from commercial print sellers, and one vendor, apparently less sensitive than Neaera to the alarming effect of this image, described the eagle owl as "a striking addition to any room in the home".

Chapter 6

Jimson Crow ... always stealing things

US readers may be startled to see a "Jim Crow" reference like this casually proposed as a joke for a picture book in England, and it is basically as bad as it sounds but for a slightly different reason. Before the name came to refer to segregation laws in the US, Jim Crow was a minstrel-show clown character—a carefree but untrustworthy Black stereotype. That character, and his theme song "Jump Jim Crow", became internationally known enough that Punch and Judy puppeteers in the UK borrowed the name and applied it to an existing (and equally racist) stock character who had previously been nameless. Up through the 1930s "Jim Crow" continued to be used in Punch shows, so someone of Neaera's generation might think of him as an old-timey reference from her own country, casually ignoring the offensiveness not unlike how a chain restaurant in the US continued to use the name "Sambo's" well into the '70s.

a relationship like that of the figures on Keats's Grecian urn

The guy on the urn can never reach his beloved, since they're painted on an urn, but at least they'll be eternally young and beautiful. ("Ode on a Grecian Urn")

Chapter 8

Polperro

A Cornish seaside town with a population of about 1,500. One travel guide claims that the touristy gift shops do not quite manage to spoil it.

Chapter 10

"The Windhover"

Regardless of whether Neaera is fair to call this "a wet poem and twittish", it does seem fair to say it's got a few mannered words. (Full text)

"Basho's frog"

Matsuo Bashō (1644-1694) wrote in several poetic forms but is best known for haiku, including the one about a frog which one poet described as "almost definitely the most famous haiku ever composed on this planet."

Thomas Bewick diligently followed the patterns of light

Bewick (1753-1828), like Gould, is best known now for his illustrations of animals, birds in particular. (Many are reproduced online by The Bewick Society)

John Clare looked carefully at hedgerows

Clare (1793-1864) wrote many poems focusing on nature and rural life.

Ella Wheeler Wilcox implacably persisted

This is probably a dry backhanded compliment, as Wilcox (1850-1919)—extremely popular in her day, now best known for epigrams like "Laugh and the world laughs with you"—wrote hundreds of poems, nearly all of which were in the same meter and in four-line stanzas.

a round-the-world singlehanded sailing race in which one of the yachtsmen stopped

Neaera is talking about Donald Crowhurst; the story didn't end well.

Chapter 12

The Man in the Zoo

The 1924 New York Times review of this novella called it "delightful" and described its theme like so: "a man lives side by side with lower animals, and appears not wholly to advantage."

The turtle in Lear's Yonghy-Bonghy-Bò looks like a hawksbill in the drawing

"The Courtship of the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bò" has been illustrated many times, but Neaera is probably talking about Lear's own drawings for it. (Full text with drawings)

Chapter 13

the sort of situation that would be ever so charming and warmly human in a film with Peter Ustinov and Maggie Smith

I haven't seen any movie with Ustinov and Smith together so I'm not sure if Hoban was thinking of a particular one, or just sort of negatively fan-casting an imaginary disappointing Turtle Diary adaptation. They did co-star in the crime caper Hot Millions (1968).

Chapter 14

Alas! What boots it with incessant care

From Milton's "Lycidas", using "Neaera" as an example of a generic nymph. There were at least a dozen unrelated mythological characters by that name; no way to know which one either Milton or our narrator's father had in mind.

Chapter 15

An important witness in the current American government scandal

Although Turtle Diary was published in 1975, it's likely that Hoban was either writing this earlier and referring to the Watergate affair, or just assuming that Watergate-type events would be a permanent fixture of US politics from then on. I'm not sure the specific quote William describes is real, but I'm guessing it's meant to be G. Gordon Liddy; it would be in character with Liddy's grandiosity and homophobia.

Chapter 16

Caister men never turn back

Caister became famous for the tenacity of its lifeboat crews when nine rescue workers were lost for a rescue that had only two survivors.

opened A.E. Housman at random

From the 36th poem in "A Shropshire Lad" (1896). (Full text)

He always kipped after lunch

For US readers: kip is British for a nap.

Chapter 17

The Swimmer, with Burt Lancaster

A 1968 film from a John Cheever story of the same name. (Roger Ebert's review)

Chapter 20

The Duchess of Malfi ... coffin, cords, and a bell

A characteristically violent 17th-century revenge tragedy by John Webster. The cords are used to execute the Duchess by strangulation. (Full text)

the shark's mouth ... a place of rest, they call them requin

This bilingual pun probably isn't etymologically accurate. Shark in French is "requin", which sounds a little like "requiem", and "requiem" comes from "to rest" in Latin. But it's not clear that the words really are related; "requin" is thought to be from a different word that means showing your teeth.

Chapter 23

her father is an MP

Member of Parliament.

The place was in St. John's Wood

A wealthy London neighborhood, best known outside England as the home of the heiress in the Rolling Stones song "Play with Fire".

Chapter 24

the astronauts on Skylab-2 have got two spiders with them

It was Skylab-3, and this is more evidence (like the Watergate reference) that either a good deal of the novel was written in 1973 or it takes place then.

Chapter 25

The place was in Maida Vale

A residential neighborhood next to St. John's Wood, but not as rich. A large BBC studio facility is there.

Chapter 26

King Kong was playing at the Chelsea Odeon

Desk and wall in Russell Hoban's study (photo by Dave Awl, 1999)

The 1933 King Kong loomed large in Hoban's imagination, with Kong references appearing in several of his other works, most notably the libretto for the opera The Second Mrs. Kong—an allegorical fantasy in which the woman in Vermeer's "Girl with Pearl Earring" meets "the idea of Kong". Both of them can be seen here above Hoban's desk.

a reversal of the Schöne Müllerin theme

The Franz Schubert/Wilhelm Müller song cycle "The Fair Maid of the Mill".

those chains are made of chrome steel

Here is the full scene of Kong's stage debut, although you should really just watch the whole movie right now. (There are probably thousands of essays on King Kong; here's a short one I wrote.)

Chapter 27

Lineaments of satisfied desire

From Blake's "Several Questions Answered" (c. 1793). (Full text)

Chapter 32

We stay on the M4 until after Swindon

Possible route from London to Polperro via Chippenham

As shown here. It's a more roundabout route than a computer would recommend now; supposedly you could save about an hour by taking the A303 straight through Basingstoke and Yeovil instead. It could be that this is just the way that William knows best, or that he wants to avoid what sounds like unpredictable traffic.

the street that led to Jonathan Couch's house

Couch was a 19th-century naturalist who was one of the more famous residents of Polperro.

Adamant, said the urinal. There was a device like the Order of the Garter but with a lion on top

Compare: Order of the Garter

Adamant brand urinals did at one point use a logo more or less as described.

coachman who took Pinocchio to the Land of Boobies

The Land of Boobies (or "Toyland", depending on the translation) is the alleged utopia that Pinocchio's friends convince him to travel to, where you can do whatever you want and the weekend lasts all week. Of course, it's a scam.

an old German film ... Harry Bauer was in it

This would be Symphony of a Life (1943), Baur's only non-French film (Bauer is a typo)—also his last film, and possibly the indirect cause of his death. Baur was a film star in France but after the Nazi invasion he was blacklisted by the collaborationists, and (either as a desperate career move or against his will, it's unclear) ended up joining the German film industry instead, traveling to Germany to make this film. He finished the movie but was then arrested by the Gestapo, and died shortly after his release from prison, either due to lingering effects of his ordeal or by foul play. It's possible that Hoban didn't know this story; I feel like if he had, he wouldn't have been able to resist working it in somehow.

as if I'd come back from the Lakes and the Torrible Zone and the hills of the Chankly Bore

From another Edward Lear poem, "The Jumblies". (Full text)